Yellowing in wheat crops is a common but critical issue that can negatively impact growth and yield if not addressed in time. In this article, we will explore the causes of yellowing in wheat, its effects, and preventive measures to overcome it.
Excessive Irrigation: One of the main causes of yellowing in wheat is excessive irrigation. When too much water is given to the fields, the water level balance in the soil gets disturbed. This is particularly problematic in heavy or clayey soils where water doesn't drain easily, leading to a lack of oxygen in the roots. This affects plant growth and causes yellowing of leaves.
Cold and Foggy Weather: Cold and fog can also cause yellowing in wheat crops. This is especially common during the early cold months. If the leaves show a pale yellow powder, it can be a serious sign that requires immediate attention.
Improving Soil Structure: Before sowing wheat, if the soil is heavy, organic matter can be added to improve its structure. This helps in better water absorption. For lighter soils, irrigation should be managed carefully to prevent over-watering.
Using Proper Irrigation Techniques: heavy soils, water should be applied in small amounts. Avoid surface irrigation and adopt methods that suit the soil type. In lighter soils, more raised beds (khyari system) can be used to ensure proper water flow.
Spraying Urea and Zinc: If yellowing occurs, wait for the water to evaporate before applying fertilizers. Urea, at 15–20 kg per acre, can be sprayed to address nitrogen deficiency. Urea combined with zinc sulfate helps in reducing yellowing by enhancing leaf health and growth.
Dealing with Cold and Fog-induced Yellowing: To address yellowing caused by cold and fog, exposure to bright sunlight can help improve the condition. A combination of urea and zinc sulfate sprayed on plants has been proven to support growth and mitigate yellowing.
Yellow rust, a fungal disease, can also exacerbate yellowing in wheat crops. The disease manifests as yellow powder on the leaves, which can easily transfer to hands and clothes. To treat this, farmers should follow the advice of agricultural scientists and use recommended fungicides when symptoms appear.
General Suggestions:
Proper Nitrogen Use: Excessive nitrogen use can worsen yellowing, especially during foggy or cloudy weather. It is better to avoid spraying nitrogen during these conditions.
Selecting Region-Suitable Varieties: Choose wheat varieties that are suited to local conditions. For late sowing, select varieties that can thrive in colder climates.
Balanced Fertilizer Use: Balanced fertilizer usage ensures better yield and quality. Farmers should apply fertilizers judiciously to avoid hindering plant growth.
Water Conservation and Smart Irrigation: Use water-saving techniques and practice thoughtful irrigation. This will help conserve water while ensuring that the plants get the necessary moisture.
Crop Residue Management: Avoid burning crop residues. It is more beneficial to incorporate them into the soil or leave them on the surface. Tools like Happy Seeder or Smart Seeder can be used for better residue management.
Conclusion: Yellowing in wheat crops can be a serious issue, but with timely intervention and proper care, it can be effectively controlled. Proper management of irrigation, fertilizers, and soil conditions will help maintain the health of the wheat plants and improve yield and quality. Farmers who adopt these practices can enhance their wheat production and quality.
