Taro, also known as Arvi in Hindi, is a perennial herbaceous plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. It is primarily grown for its starchy corms, which are used in various culinary dishes. The plant typically grows to a height of 1-2 meters and features heart-shaped green leaves. Taro is rich in nutritional properties, aiding in the prevention of cancer, hypertension, heart diseases, diabetes, digestion, skin health, and vision improvement. In India, it is cultivated in states like Punjab, Manipur, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Karnataka, and Telangana.
Taro thrives in warm, tropical, and subtropical climates. It requires a warm weather environment for optimal growth, with an ideal temperature range of 25°C to 35°C. High humidity is also necessary during this period.
This crop requires consistent moisture throughout its growth cycle. Regular irrigation is essential, especially during hot and dry weather. During the summer months, the crop should be watered every 3-4 days, while additional irrigation may be needed during specific stages, such as germination, in the rainy season.
Taro can be grown in various soil types, but it performs best in well-drained, organic-rich sandy loam soil. It is crucial to avoid waterlogged soil, as this can lead to corm rot. Poorly fertile and excessively wet soil may reduce crop yield.
Sowing of Crops:
Field Preparation: Prepare the field by plowing the soil 2-3 times to loosen it. After plowing, level the surface with a harrow and remove any weeds. Keep the field weed-free for healthy crop growth.
Crop Cycle: The crop cycle for Taro from sowing to harvesting typically ranges from 175 to 200 days. Tender Taro can be harvested earlier, while fully mature corms require more time.
Water Management: Effective irrigation is crucial for successful Taro cultivation. Water the field immediately after sowing to ensure germination. Maintain adequate moisture until germination is complete. Irrigation every 3-4 days is necessary during the hot months.
Weed Management: Control weeds by hoeing 1-2 times during the crop's growth. After each weeding, mound the soil around the roots to promote healthy root development.
Harvesting: When the Taro leaves start to yellow, it indicates that the crop is ready for harvesting, typically 175-200 days after sowing. For tender Taro, early harvesting is recommended. Harvesting can be done using hand-digging tools. Water the field before harvesting to soften the soil, making it easier to extract the corms. After harvesting, clean the corms and sort them accordingly.
Diseases & Disease Prevention:
Leaf Blight Disease: This disease primarily occurs during the rainy season when night temperatures range from 20°C-22°C and day temperatures from 25°C-28°C. Water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, gradually turning yellow and purplish.
Aloma/Bobone Virus: This virus causes leaf curling and spotting.
Dasheen Mosaic Virus: This virus is spread by aphids and creates striping on the leaves, becoming more prevalent in cooler months.
Corm Rot: Symptoms include stunted plants, yellowing leaves, and wilting.
Pest Control:
Aphids are common pests that can attack Taro plants, potentially damaging seed production.
Post-Harvest Storage: To prevent rot after harvesting, store Taro in a cool and dry place. For long-term storage, cold storage or underground pits can also be utilized.
