Climate / Temperature: Maize is a Kharif (monsoon) crop that can be cultivated in various climates. As a coarse cereal, it plays a vital role in food production in India. The ideal temperature range for maize growth is between 21 to 30 degrees Celsius. Extreme frost during cold weather can impede growth and hinder germination.
Water Demand: Maize requires between 550 to 750 mm of water throughout its growth cycle. Adequate irrigation is crucial during the germination stage and the cob formation phase.
Soil: While maize can be grown in different soil types, sandy loam soil is considered the most suitable. The optimal soil pH for maize cultivation ranges from 6.0 to 7.0.
Major Varieties: Some prominent maize varieties include Manjari, Priya, Sugar 75, Madhuri, Ganga-5, Ganga Safed-2, and Ganga 11.
Sowing of Crops: Sowing should begin with the onset of the monsoon. Seeds should be planted at a depth of 3-5 cm, with two seeds per hole.
Suitable Time of Sowing: Kharif sowing typically occurs from June to July, while Rabi sowing is conducted in October.
Field Preparation: Initial tillage should be performed before the monsoon, ensuring that manure is well-mixed into the soil.
Crop Cycle:The lifecycle of maize ranges from 70 to 120 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Water Management: Maize needs approximately 400-600 mm of water, with irrigation being particularly important during the flowering and grain formation stages.
Weed Management: To manage weeds, apply atrazine for narrow-leaved varieties three days after sowing, and use 2,4-D herbicide for broad-leaved weeds about 30 days post-sowing.
Harvesting: Maize is typically ready for harvest within 70 to 120 days. The harvesting process involves threshing, which separates the grains from the cobs using a thresher.
Yield and Storage: The yield of maize ranges from 18 to 32 quintals per acre. For optimal storage, dry the grains in sunlight until the moisture content reaches 12%.
