Cucumber is believed to have originated in India and is predominantly grown in tropical regions. It is a popular summer fruit, consumed as a salad or vegetable, and its seeds yield oil that offers health benefits. Comprising nearly 96% water, cucumbers are particularly refreshing during the summer season.
Cucumbers thrive in warm climates, with an ideal temperature range of 20°C to 30°C. They are sensitive to frost, so protecting them from cold temperatures is essential for optimal growth.
Cucumber crops require regular irrigation, especially in dry and hot conditions. Pre-sowing irrigation is recommended, followed by watering every 2-3 days or 4-5 days, depending on the weather. Typically, cucumber crops need 10-12 rounds of irrigation throughout their growing cycle.
Soil: Cucumbers can grow in a variety of soil types, but they perform best in loamy soil rich in organic matter with good drainage. The ideal soil pH should range between 6 and 7 for optimal growth.
Sowing of Crops: The ideal sowing time for cucumbers is from February to March. Seeds should be sown at a depth of 2-3 cm, with a spacing of 60 cm between plants, and bed width should be 2.5 meters.
Suitable Time of Sowing: The best time to sow cucumber seeds is early in the spring, from February to March, ensuring optimal temperature and weather conditions for germination and growth.
Field Preparation: The soil should be plowed 3-4 times until it becomes friable. Organic manure, such as farmyard manure (FYM), should be incorporated. Beds should be prepared 2.5 meters wide with 60 cm spacing for planting the seedlings.
Crop Cycle: The cucumber crop is generally ready for harvesting in 45-60 days. Some varieties ripen in as early as 50 days, while others may take up to 68 days to mature.
Water Management: Regular irrigation is essential, especially during hot weather. Light watering before sowing and subsequent irrigation every 2-3 days (or 4-5 days) ensures optimal moisture levels for growth.
Weed Management: Weeds can be manually removed or controlled using herbicides. Spraying 1.6 liters of glyphosate mixed with 150 liters of water is effective, but care must be taken to avoid contact with the main crop.
Harvesting: Cucumbers are ready for harvesting 45-50 days after sowing. It's important to pick them before the seeds harden. Harvesting can be done 10-12 times in a season, with an average yield of 33-42 quintals per acre.
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